Are you that person who is always stressing about something? Do you find yourself quickly overwhelmed by the smallest of issues? If so, your Big Five personality type and MBTI spirit animal might be characterized by a higher degree of neuroticism.
On the other hand, if you stay calm under pressure, take setbacks in stride, and rarely let emotions get the best of you, then your Big Five personality type is characterized by a higher degree of emotional stability.
No matter which category you fall into, neuroticism and emotional stability can profoundly impact how you communicate and lead in different settings.
After all, communication is far more than just the words we use. It's also about how those words are received—which, in turn, depends mainly on the emotions involved. Therefore, it's essential to understand how your disposition affects how you communicate and lead.
This article will explore how neuroticism and emotional stability shape how you communicate and lead others. We’ll also share strategies to help you improve your communication and leadership skills in the workplace, regardless of whether you score high or low. If you haven’t read it yet, we also have an article about the best jobs and careers based on your Big 5 neuroticism score.
Don’t know how you score? Take the BrainManager Big 5 Personality Test to find out.
Big 5 Neuroticism: An Overview
Before we get to communication and leadership styles, let’s start with a quick overview of what these two personality traits mean and how they differ. The terms neuroticism and emotional stability are often used interchangeably, but they refer to different things. Neuroticism is one of the Big 5 personality traits, along with extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness.
A simple way to understand neuroticism is how an individual manages psychological distress and the tendency to experience negative emotions.
As with all other personality traits in the Big 5 personality model, neuroticism exists on a scale from high to low. People high in neuroticism, or "neurotic," may react more intensely and negatively to situations than individuals lower on the trait. They are more likely to become overwhelmed by stress and negative emotions, such as fear, anger, and sadness. They may also be more prone to pessimism, mood shift, and general anxiety.
In other words, individuals with strong neurotic personalities have heightened emotions and difficulty coping with stressors. Some characteristics associated with high neuroticism include:
- Paranoid
- Compulsive
- Apprehensive
- Abrasive
- Explosive
- Narcissistic
According to the Big 5 personality theory, the opposite end of the neuroticism continuum is referred to as emotional stability. Individuals with low neuroticism scores are more emotionally stable and calm, meaning they are less likely to become overwhelmed by stress and negative emotions. They can maintain a balance and have positive outlooks even under challenging situations.
People who score high in emotional stability are generally more relaxed and better at controlling their emotions, leading to their ability to cope more effectively. Some associated characteristics include:
- Self-awareness
- Self-control
- Empathy
- Optimism
- Emotion management
- Firmness
- Resilience
While there is no "right or wrong" level of neuroticism or emotional stability, some experts believe people who are too high in either trait may have difficulty managing their emotions in healthy ways. This can be especially true for people who are high in neuroticism and low in emotional stability, as they may have difficulty managing their intense emotions and calming down.
Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability: Which Style is Best in Leadership Roles?
It’s widely accepted that leaders must possess certain qualities to be effective. But it’s not hard to see that some of the most successful leaders in history had different personality types. This begs the question: should leaders exhibit neuroticism (anxiety, worry, and fear) or emotional stability (calmness, composure, and mental strength)?
There is no simple answer, as the spectrum of leader personality types can vary greatly.
Depending on the situation, a leader may benefit from being more or less neurotic or emotionally stable. In some cases, leaders may need to exhibit more neuroticism to ensure employees are motivated. In other situations, a leader may need to be more laid back to be an effective negotiator or problem solver.
In the end, neuroticism and emotional stability have their place in leadership roles. But this doesn't mean challenges don't arise from exhibiting one or the other. For instance, a leader who is overly neurotic dwells so much on negative experiences and may find it harder to adapt to challenges. They tend to have more difficulty dealing with other people's stress, which leaders face daily.
Similarly, a too-emotionally stable leader may ignore warning-related cues and may need to pay enough attention to time. Moreover, emotionally tough leaders can be so focused on maintaining stability that they may fail to plan strategically or recognize potential opportunities.
Ultimately, leaders must be aware of their personalities and how they may impact their ability to lead effectively. They should strive to balance neuroticism and emotional stability, depending on the situation.
What are Neurotic Leadership Styles?
Neurotic leadership styles refer to how a leader's mental and emotional states influence their decision-making and behavior. Neurotic leaders frequently display behaviors such as self-doubt, defensiveness, and anxiousness. They’re often cautious and work hard to avoid making mistakes. This can make them overly conservative with their decisions and risk-averse, fueled by fear of failure.
Neurotic leadership styles can be effective in certain contexts. Still, if taken to an extreme, they can lead to decision paralysis and stifle innovation.
Here's a brief description of leadership styles common with people with highly neurotic personalities:
- The Compulsive Style — Leaders in this category are overly preoccupied with trivial matters and are obsessed with controlling people. They’re also so concerned with individual ranks and status.
- The Depressive Style — A lack of enthusiasm and energy characterizes this type of leadership. Leaders in this category are often apathetic or disinterested in new initiatives. They may also be overly focused on past successes and not look for new ways of doing things or encourage people to "think out of the box."
- The Dramatic Style — These leaders are attention-seekers and need to be in the spotlight. They may be overly emotional and dramatic, craving excitement and often trying to impress others.
- The Paranoid Style — Neurotic, paranoid leaders mistrust others and their intentions. They may create an atmosphere of apathy and secrecy, leading to a lack of engagement and innovation within their teams.
What are Emotional Stable Leadership Styles?
Emotional stable leadership styles refer to the ability of a leader to remain level-headed and calm in difficult or stressful situations. Leaders who demonstrate emotional stability can take a step back and objectively assess their own emotions, as well as the feelings of those around them. These leaders demonstrate great self-control, allowing them to remain composed and focused on the task at hand regardless of the situation.
Emotional stable leadership styles emphasize empathy and understanding. These leaders can recognize and respond appropriately to the emotional needs of their team members, acknowledging their emotions without becoming overwhelmed. This helps to create a positive, supportive environment for team members.
In addition, these leaders also exhibit strong problem-solving skills. They assess a situation, identify, and analyze problems, and devise creative solutions.
How Do Big 5 Neuroticism Communication Styles Impact Leadership?
As we said previously, the Big 5 personality trait of neuroticism falls on a continuum, ranging from low to high. But you may not be aware that your communication style can significantly impact your leadership skills regardless of where you fall on the spectrum. Let's briefly discuss how your communication styles can manifest differently depending on low or high neuroticism.
Communication Styles for Individuals High in Neuroticism
Earlier, we discussed how individuals high in neuroticism typically show low self-confidence and resilience and are more prone to anxiety, worry, and depression. They also tend to experience negative emotions and are more reactive and hypersensitive. As a result, they may display communication styles that negatively affect team dynamics and productivity.
Neurotic leaders may be more likely to engage in defensive communication, which can lead to hostility and resentment. They may tend to overreact to criticism, alienating team members who feel that their opinions are not being heard. Neurotic individuals may also be overly critical of others and struggle to express positive feedback, leading to a lack of motivation and engagement within the team.
Another communication style associated with high neuroticism is passive aggression, which can damage team dynamics and prevent collaboration. They may also be more likely to use manipulative and coercive tactics to communicate their point. Simply put, individuals high in neuroticism can often be more closed off and less effective communicators. They're more emotional, making it difficult for them to remain objective and reasonable. These behaviors can lead to heated arguments and poor decision-making.
Communication Styles for Individuals Low in Neuroticism
Unlike individuals high in neuroticism, emotionally stable people communicate more openly and effectively. They possess a steadier temperament, allowing them to stay calm and composed in stressful situations. This allows low-neuroticism individuals to remain logical, making them better decision-makers in high-pressure environments.
Emotionally stable leaders are also more likely to engage in constructive communication. They can control the situation and their emotions better, making it easier to have a rational dialog with others. Another important factor for individuals with low neuroticism is that they’re likely to be team players. They can collaborate with others and take advice without feeling threatened by their colleagues.
These leaders also stay focused on the task and look for solutions rather than getting caught up in petty arguments. In other words, emotionally stable leaders are "stoic" and are better able to handle difficult conversations.
How Can I Effectively Communicate and Lead If I'm High in Neuroticism?
As the saying goes, "Knowledge is power." Knowing the potential impact of neuroticism on communication styles can help leaders recognize their communication patterns, identify areas that need improvement, and modify their behavior accordingly. But how can you effectively communicate and lead as a leader with higher levels of neuroticism?
Here are some areas where highly neurotic can work to improve their communication skills.
- Listen and Ask Questions. Be mindful of how you receive and send information. Listen actively, ask questions, and encourage others to explain their ideas or feelings. Listening is an important way of conveying empathy and understanding.
- Express Your Feelings Openly and Honestly. It's essential to be aware of your feelings, recognize them and express them in a constructive and non-threatening manner. At the same time, it’s also important to recognize and accept other people's feelings.
- Take Time to Reflect and Make Decisions. Leaders with higher levels of neuroticism may need extra time when making decisions or expressing opinions. It’s important to remember that it’s okay to take your time and think things through before taking action or responding.
- Manage Stress. High stress levels can lead to poor decision-making and communication. Find ways to manage your stress, such as meditation and setting realistic goals for yourself.
- Seek Support. It's essential to recognize that you are not alone and that there are people who can help. Consider seeking support from mentors, colleagues, or peers.
How Can I Effectively Communicate and Lead If I'm Low in Neuroticism?
Leaders with lower levels of neuroticism often have the advantage of thinking more clearly and objectively when making decisions or communicating.
Here are a few tips to help you effectively communicate and lead if you’re low in neuroticism:
- Focus and Create Clear Goals: Leaders with lower levels of neuroticism can stay focused on their goals and communicate them clearly. Create clear and achievable goals for yourself and others.
- Be Considerate of Others. Leaders with lower levels of neuroticism tend to be more sensitive to others' feelings and needs. Be considerate of other people's opinions, feelings, and ideas before you make decisions or express opinions.
- Allow Yourself to Feel. One characteristic of emotionally stable individuals is that they compartmentalize negative emotions, but this doesn't mean they don't feel them. Find healthy ways to express your feelings, so you don't become overwhelmed by them.
- Set Boundaries. Sometimes, you may find yourself emotionally stable across the board. If this is the case, you must institute limits for yourself and those around you. Setting boundaries is an act of love, as it helps to ensure your overall well-being.
- Practice Self-Care. Self-care activities like exercise, a healthy diet, and relaxation techniques can help you maintain emotional stability. Set aside time to do the things that make you happy and relaxed.
- Seek Support When Needed. It’s important to recognize that even if you are low in neuroticism, there may still be times when you need support from mentors or colleagues. Don’t hesitate to reach out and ask for help when you need it.
As you can see, there are characteristics on both sides of the Big 5 neuroticism scale that can be an asset as a leader.
It’s important to understand your strengths and weaknesses. Learn how they may impact your communication, leadership style, and decision-making. Using these tips can help anyone be a better leader, whether you score high or low in neuroticism!
Keep in mind that Neuroticism is just one personality trait that impacts your communication style. Learn how the traits of Conscientiousness, Openness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness also play a role in your leadership abilities.
Learn more about Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability:
